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A2 German grammar

The present passive

Focus on processes instead of the actor.

The rule

Build the process passive with werden + past participle. The active accusative object becomes the passive subject; keep dative objects in the dative.

subject + werden + … + Partizip II

Turn the active accusative object into the passive nominative subject.

Conjugate werden for the new subject and place the participle at the end.

Omit the actor when unknown or unimportant; add von + dative when relevant.

Core forms and structures

Use this table as a reference, then retrieve the forms without looking.

FormFunctionGerman exampleEnglish
Pattern 1Process passive uses werden + participle.Die Tür wird geöffnet.The door is being opened.
Pattern 2Plural passive subject takes werden.Die Pakete werden morgen geliefert.The packages will be delivered tomorrow.
Pattern 3The actor uses von + dative; participle stays final.Das Essen wird von der Köchin vorbereitet.The meal is prepared by the cook.
Pattern 4The finite verb remains second after place-first Hier.Hier wird Deutsch gesprochen.German is spoken here.
Pattern 5Sein + participle describes a resulting state.Die Tür ist schon geöffnet.The door is already open.

German examples with English meanings

Die Tür wird geöffnet.

The door is being opened.

Process passive uses werden + participle.

Die Pakete werden morgen geliefert.

The packages will be delivered tomorrow.

Plural passive subject takes werden.

Das Essen wird von der Köchin vorbereitet.

The meal is prepared by the cook.

The actor uses von + dative; participle stays final.

Hier wird Deutsch gesprochen.

German is spoken here.

The finite verb remains second after place-first Hier.

Die Tür ist schon geöffnet.

The door is already open.

Sein + participle describes a resulting state.

Common mistakes

Incorrect: Die Tür ist geöffnet gerade.

Correct: Die Tür wird geöffnet.

Process passive uses werden + participle.

Incorrect: Die Pakete wird morgen geliefert.

Correct: Die Pakete werden morgen geliefert.

Plural passive subject takes werden.

Incorrect: Das Essen wird durch die Köchin vorbereiten.

Correct: Das Essen wird von der Köchin vorbereitet.

The actor uses von + dative; participle stays final.

Incorrect: Hier Deutsch wird gesprochen.

Correct: Hier wird Deutsch gesprochen.

The finite verb remains second after place-first Hier.

Incorrect: Die Tür wird schon geöffnet seit Stunden.

Correct: Die Tür ist schon geöffnet.

Sein + participle describes a resulting state.

Details and useful distinctions

Distinguish process passive wird geöffnet from state ist geöffnet.

Practise this grammar

Promote the affected thing to nominative, conjugate werden, and send the participle to the end; use sein only for the resulting state.

Open The present passive exercises →

For source references and editorial level notes, see the grammar reference. You can report a correction if an explanation or example seems wrong.